IPv6

Quick Facts:
1) Utilizes hexadecimal (base 16) notation consistent of four characters within an eight block parameter.  16-bits per subsection thus equals 128 bits total.
  A) Remember: In hexadecimal F+1 = 16.  After translating decimal 16 into hex it will = 10.
2) Colons are used to separate sections within IPv6 unlike IPv4 which uses period marks.
3) An easier way of writing/reading IPv6 is by becoming aware that leading (beginning) zeros can be neglected from the entire IPv6 address.
4) You can simply the IPv6 notation in three ways.
  1) If you have any leading zeros, you can leave them out.
  2) If you have an entire subsection &/or consecutive subsections with a value of zero, you can represent that with two consecutive colons.
(i.e: 2001:DB8:3FA9:0000:0000:0000:D3:9C5A becomes 2001:DB8:3FA9::D3:9C5A; ::01 is loopback)
5) IPv6 is separated into two sections: the first half = network ID, the second = MAC address or randomly assigned number.*
6) With the Zone ID, you are able to determine which interface belongs to which local segment when using certain IPv6 address classifications. Zone IDs are distinguishable by a "%" symbol and a numerical value after a qualifying IPv6 address.
7) Clients receive an automatically configured IPv6 address from a router*.  Once an address is given to an interface, it is checked by the computer through a Neighbor Solicitation message to other hosts to see if it is unique.  If the address is already being used then it is considered invalid, else, it will consider the tentative address valid.  There are then two types of valid address types: preferred and deprecated.  Preferred means that the IPv6 address is within the address usage time-frame while deprecated means the opposite.  You can still execute communications with a deprecated address.  

7) There are three types of IPv6 addresses
  A) Global:  A unique network identifier provided by IANA.  Similar to an external address in IPv4.
    1) First 48 bits = Network ID
    2) 16 bits = Subnet ID
    3) 64 bits = Interface ID
  B) Link-Local:  Unroutable and automatically assigned address used for local communication.  Similar to APIPA addresses.
    1) Always starts with "fe80"
    2) Structure consistent of half of the address being the unroutable local address while the rest is for the interface ID.
  C) Unique Local:  Nonroutable, and configurable IP addresses for use on local segments.  Equivalent to private IP addresses such as 192.168.1 or 10.0.0 etc.
    1) Always starts with FD00.  It is possible that FC00::/8 will be used in the future.
    2) Structure consists of the first 8 bits that are indicative of a unique local address.  The next 40 bits are the Global ID, which IDs the segment.  The next 16 represent the subnet and the last 64 represent the interface ID.